Anthropology

Department of Anthropology
College of Arts and Sciences
380 Millard Fillmore Academic Center
Ellicott Complex
North Campus
Buffalo, NY 14261-0026
(716) 645-2414
Fax: (716) 645-3808
Web: Anthropology
Donald Pollock, Chair
Phillips Stevens, Jr., Director of Undergraduate Studies

The Program
Anthropology combines the biological, historical, and social sciences in a unique study of humankind. It is the only discipline that examines and attempts to understand humankind as a whole. The undergraduate program includes the subfields of archaeology, cultural anthropology, and physical anthropology. Students should specialize in one of these subdisciplines.

Archaeology studies the historical development of human cultures by analyzing cultural remains. Cultural anthropology studies the innate, shared, and transmitted products of social groups. Its approach is descriptive, historical, and comparative. Physical anthropology studies the origins, adaptations, and evolution of our own species and our primate relatives.

Students have the option of specializing in one of the three subfields. Detailed descriptive materials concerning departmental programs, as well as information regarding job opportunities, are available in the departmental office.

The department offers a premedical/predental concentration, which may be used in preparation for application to those professional schools.

Advisement
Upon admission to the department, students are assigned an advisor based upon their interests and plans. They will devise a plan of study in consultation with the advisor and will continue to discuss the development of their major by meeting with advisors at least once a semester. Likewise, students pursuing minors will meet with their advisors at least once a semester to discuss their progress. Students may choose to concentrate in one of the subdisciplines or construct a major that reflects a unifying theme or perspective that crosses subdisciplinary boundaries.

It is the students' responsibility to plan their programs carefully with their advisors and to understand applicable expectations and deadlines, and to meet with their advisors at least once each semester to be sure their programs are on track. Last-minute requests for variances, waivers, or extensions may not be granted. Advisors may also suggest additional coursework in computer science, geology, geography, linguistics, or another department.

Transfer Policy
Students wishing to transfer into the University at Buffalo must be accepted by the university prior to acceptance by the Department of Anthropology. Criteria for acceptance into the department is the same for transfer students as it is for UB students.

Evaluation of courses taken at another school for departmental major credit is done by the department. Usually the Academic Advising Center advisor, who sees transfer students initially, refers students to the department. Students should bring course descriptions, syllabi, and any other available information that will help the department evaluate anthropology courses for which students are requesting major credit.

Honors
Honors in anthropology is achieved by maintaining a minimum GPA of 3.5 in anthropology and by satisfactorily completing an intensive two-semester research project. The research project requires regular consultation with one or several faculty members. Qualified students wishing to achieve honors in anthropology must first gain consent from the faculty members who will supervise their projects. Interested students must then apply in writing to the department by the end of their junior year, and certainly no later than the end of the course registration period in the first semester of their senior year. Honors students register for 3 credit hours of APY499 Independent Study each semester of their senior year.

The project is evaluated by the faculty advisor(s) and by the Undergraduate Committee. The decision whether to award honors is based on the project, grades, and other achievements. If the student has a minimum GPA of 3.75, honors with distinction may be granted.

Note: For students graduating in May, the finished research project must be submitted to the advisor no later than March 15; for students graduating in February, it must be submitted to the advisor no later than November 1.

Special Features
The undergraduate program in anthropology provides many options for students with specific interests. The premedical/predental concentration is recommended for anthropology majors who are also pursuing the university's premedical or predental requirements in preparation for application to graduate school in one of the health professions.

The department offers an archaeological field school each summer. This six-week, 6-credit-hour course provides field instruction in archaeological research and techniques of site survey and excavation.

The Marian E. White Anthropology Research Museum is an integral part of the department's research and teaching program. Its primary purpose is to preserve, organize, catalog, and curate archaeological materials gathered by the field school and the Archaeological Survey, by faculty engaged in research, and through donations of collections. There is an extensive noncirculating library. Internships are available in the museum and survey.

UB is one of a select group of universities with access to the Human Relations Area Files, a current, comprehensive database of worldwide cultures. This invaluable resource is an important tool in analyzing the wide variety of social features that are present in different cultures. It is also used for research and training in cross-cultural studies.

Joint Majors
The anthropology department encourages students to propose joint majors with other departments offering B.A. degrees in the arts and sciences. The joint major is an opportunity for students to develop an individualized degree program spanning two departments, while taking a smaller number of total credits than a dual major would require. Joint majors will take the same basic courses as other majors, save that they need to complete no fewer than five elective courses in anthropology, including at least one area study and one theoretical elective. Courses chosen will be appropriate to the overall proposal for the joint major. Interested students should propose this program of study in consultation with their anthropology advisor.

Anthropology (APY)
Note: Course offerings vary by semester.

104 Great Sites and Lost Tribes: The Romantic Element in Archaeology (3)
Examines the romantic element in archaeology in the great sites of the world, such as Troy, Olduvai Gorge, Stonehenge, etc. Since the sites cannot be separated from their discoverers and excavators, we also consider the lives of the most famous and romantic archaeologists, Schliemann, Leakey, Kenyon, etc. LEC

105 Introduction to Anthropology (3)
Introductory survey of the major subfields of anthropology: archaeology, physical anthropology, and cultural anthropology. LEC

106 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology (3)
Surveys important ideas about culture and society that have shaped cultural anthropology. The principal institutions of culture-language, social organization, religion, economics, politics, artistic expression, etc.-are studied in their traditional ethnographic context and as they change through cultural contact and modernization. LEC

107 Introduction to Physical Anthropology (3)
For centuries preceding modern times, our uniqueness as a species was taken as a sign of special creation; we were not seen to be a part of nature. But as knowledge of human evolution, our closeness to other primates, and our adaptations to specific environments emerged, we have taken our place in the animal kingdom. Here, we learn how those insights developed, and about current methods of understanding human origins and the natural forces that have shaped us. LEC

108 Introduction to Archaeology (3)
Development of society from the earliest tools to the advent of history, analyzed in terms of spatial and temporal diversity, and as people's means of adapting to their environment. LEC

120 Environmental Anthropology (3)
It is clear that our environment appears to not always be kind to us. Whether we are exposed to toxins produced by industry, harsh temperatures or malnutrition, the outcome is often poorer health and shorter life. As a biological/behavioral science, anthropology is in a unique position to explore and expand this knowledge area, and that is what this course covers. LEC

161 Heredity and Society (3)
Contemporary human genetics relevant to families and society as a whole. Topics include genetic diseases, family planning and demography, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis, genetic engineering, and genetics and the law. LEC

183 Peoples and Culture of Latin America (3)
For nonmajors. Modern Latin American nations; cultural history; current problems of national development; and future prospects. LEC

203 Anthropology and Film (3)
The study of culture through the use of visual materials (films, tapes, etc.). Emphasis is on learning anthropological concepts, attitudes, and methodologies, with film as the primary medium for so doing. This is a class in anthropology, rather than a "films" course. LEC

205 American Norms and Deviations (3)
Points out "definitions of the situation" that exclude and oppress some Americans for the apparent benefit of other Americans; explores categories of people ("criminals," "junkies," "bums," "drunks," etc.) as realities and as stereotypes, and analyzes their origins in American social history; forces that sustain such categorizing are also clarified. LEC

210 Musics of the World (3)
Introduces ethnomusicology; musical styles in a variety of cultural contexts. LEC

215 Historic Archaeology (3)
Reviews the growth of the unique possibilities of historic archaeology-a growth that suggests that this subdiscipline can provide an important perspective on disciplinary goals, as well as on the history of North American societies. LEC

217 Warfare (3)
Intended for students who are interested in learning about the forms of armed combat, which occur in small-scale societies, and the causes of such violence. The course content focuses upon the "warfare" of five different societies, and then explores several anthropological theories that address the causes and effects of internal violence and warfare. LEC

218 Men, Women and War (3)
Focuses on the experiences of men and women in war, both as members of military organizations and as noncombatants. Students learn (1) how martial values are inculcated into a population, particularly the youth; (2) what it is like to be a member of a military organization; (3) about the activities of military organizations in combat, in the treatment of captured enemy, and in peace; and (4) what it is like to be a member of a society at war. LEC

226 Human Adaptation (3)
Examines human subsistence and reproductive behavior from an evolutionary perspective. The course consists of five sections: (1) the theory of evolution, natural selection, and adaptation; (2) what our nearest relatives, the two chimpanzee species, can teach us about being human; (3) recent human evolutionary history in the Pliocene and Pleistocene periods; (4) hunter-gatherers; (5) special issues related to reproduction. LEC

239 Archaeology of New York Colonial History (3)
Covers the archaeology of New York State, from the first human settlement to the 19th Century. LEC

245 Survey of the Primates (3)
Introduces the field of primatology. Primate taxonomy, ecology, and evolution. A variety of visual aids are used. Primate biology and visits to the zoo and the Physical Anthropology Laboratory are encouraged. LEC

246 Introduction to Primate Behavior (3)
Behavior, and social organization of non-human primates: current theories, evolutionary processes, and research methods, both in the field and in the laboratories. LEC

248 Human Genetics (3)
Contemporary human genetics relevant to families and society. Genetic diseases; family planning and demography; genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis; genetic engineering; genetics and the law. The purpose of this course is to provide students with sufficient understanding of contemporary human genetics to intelligently address these issues. LEC

250 Topics in Archaeology (3)
Topics vary. May be taken more than once for credit. LEC

261 Topics in Cultural Anthropology (3)
Topics vary. May be taken more than once for credit. LEC

262 Anthropology and Justice (3)
Comparative studies of justice in the perspectives of local and global human problems, including analyses of the causes of conflict and dispute: inequality, poverty, racism, war and aggression, colonialism, sexism, economic exploitation, etc. Justice is considered in the context of related cultural concepts and values (truth, harmony, etc.) and in a variety of institutional settings (community, workplace, nation, etc.). In addition, aspects of crime, deviance, punishment and rehabilitation, and restitution are investigated. LEC

265 Peoples of Southeast Asia (3)
History and culture of both mainland and island Southeast Asia, emphasizing kinship, religion, and political systems, as well as art forms. LEC

275 Introduction to Medical Anthropology (3)
Uses an ecological and cultural perspective to study human disease, stress, and adaptation. Topics covered include the ecology and epidemiology of disease; genetic, physiological, and cultural adaptation; nutrition; stress; culture change; and health repercussions of economic development and modernization. While the course is more ecological than ethnomedical, there are supplementary readings and films on ethnomedical use of hallucinogens and altered states of consciousness, as well as cooperation between indigenous healers and biomedically trained personnel. LEC

276 Introduction to Ethnomedicine (3)
A cross-cultural survey of beliefs and practices relating to health, illness, and treatment. Emphasis on understanding the cultural and social foundations of ethnomedical systems, including ethnomedical systems in the United States. Examination of contemporary biomedicine as a cultural system. LEC

280 Topics in Physical Anthropology (3)
Topics vary. May be taken more than once for credit. LEC

283 Peasant Societies and Cultures (3)
Introduces anthropological thought on peasants and peasantries in complex society: the nature of peasant communities; relations between peasants and non-peasants; agrarian/peasant movements; depeasantization. LEC

302 Ancient Art and Cities of Central America and Yucatan (3)
Prerequisite: permission of instructor
Field exploration of some of the most important cities of the ancient Maya. Together with the instructor, students visit the vast and mysterious ruins of ancient Maya: Tikal, Iximiché (Guatemala), Copan (Honduras), Tulum, Cobá, Chichén Itzá, Uxmal, Labná, Kabáh, Sayil, Dzibilchaltún, and Edzná (Mexico). Students meet and discuss recent investigations at these sites with Mexican and North American archaeologists who work in the Maya area. Important museums in Guatemala and Mérida are also visited, along with contemporary Maya communities. The overseas portion of this course lasts approximately two weeks and is conducted in January, before the beginning of spring semester. LEC

303 Physical Anthropology Research: An Introduction (3)
A first-level step-by-step introduction to research, which involves coming up with a question, background reading, methods design, data collection, and data analysis. The course is open to anyone with an interest in learning how to do research. Fulfills the practicum requirement for anthropology majors. SEM

309 Social Organization of Animals (3)
Systems of social organization throughout the animal kingdom; general principles of social behavior that may have relevance to humans. LEC

310 Early Social Development: Biological Bases (3)
Overview of ways research on the social development of animals contributes to current approaches to the study of early social development of humans. LEC

311 Culture and Personality (3)
Social scientific, psychological, and psychiatric materials on normal and abnormal behavior in a variety of cultural settings; social and cultural change and personality; group functioning; forms of deviancy. LEC

312 Culture and Reproduction (3)
A cross-cultural and cross-national survey of human reproduction. Patterns of fertility regulation, pregnancy, birth, and early infant care. LEC

315 Cross-Cultural Study of Women (3)
Political, economic, and social systems of various non-Western societies in relationship to the roles women take as reproducers of cultural values or as activists working for change. SEM

320 Seminar in Cognitive Anthropology (3)
Prerequisites: specific prior work in anthropology not assumed, but background in anthropology, psychology, linguistics, sociology, etc., necessary
Examines human thinking as a cultural and social, as well as a psychological (or computational), phenomenon. Cognition is regarded as closely interconnected with cultural forms, social systems, and everyday activities. The course also addresses the very concept of "cognition" as a cultural product whose social and historical origins require investigation. SEM

323 Anthropology and Education (3)
Examines cultural transmission procedures in different cultures from the point of view of anthropology. Thus, the course is concerned with the educative process (enculturation) at different points in the life cycle of an individual and in different social contexts. Anthropological methodology and content are brought to bear on the subject matter, including analyses of American schooling. Various issues in education are probed, as relevant. LEC

325 Contemporary Afro-Caribbean Religion (3)
Objective is to familiarize students with the rich cultural syncretisms of Afro-Caribbean culture from a Latin American perspective, challenge the miasma of mysticism surrounding the religions as viewed by developed nations, and provide students with the basic skills necessary to conduct field research from an anthropological perspective. LEC

328 Biology, Society, and Culture (3)
An exploration of how humans sustain themselves in difficult conditions. Their successes or failures depend on a skein of biological variables and on behaviors, which must make the best of those raw materials. Though our well-being rests on some hereditary biological features, such as pigmentation (in which behavior has little role), or on nongenetic patterns, such as social support networks, most "adaptation" employs some mix of the two. For instance, population regulation has both social and biological controls. This focuses on issues that are genuinely "biobehavioral." The course is presented primarily in lecture format, strongly supplemented by in-class laboratory exercises on measurement of human variation, demographic assessment, growth, body composition, and blood pressure-all central topics in adaptive human biology. LEC

330 Prehistory of Europe (3)
European prehistory from the Paleolithic period through the formation of the earliest states in Europe. LEC

331 Archaeology of the New World (3)
Prehistoric development of Indian cultures in North and South America, from the initial aboriginal occupation of the Americas. LEC

332 Archaeology of the American Southwest (3)
The American Southwest, a striking arid land, is rich in archaeological remains of mammoth hunters, cave dwellers, and Pueblo Indians. This course reviews the evidence concerning those ancient people and their migrations, invasions, droughts, and abandonments. Field and laboratory techniques also are discussed. LEC

333 North American Archaeology (3)
Peopling of the continent, landscape evolution, origins and spread of agriculture, rise of chiefly forms of social organization. Meso-American influences, effects of European conquest. LEC

338 Field Research Archaeology (6-8)
Prerequisite: permission of instructor
Six weeks. Open to undergraduate and graduate students. Archaeological research participation; techniques of site survey and excavation. May be taken more than once for credit. Contact the department for further information. LAB

344 Animal Communication (3)
A survey of natural communication systems within the animal kingdom. The structure, functions, development, and evolution of natural communication systems among animals, including humans. LEC

345 Comparative Primate Anatomy (3)
Descriptive and functional primate anatomy, with relevance to the origin and adaptation of groups within the order of primates. LEC

346 Dissections in Comparative Primate Anatomy (2)
Basic primate gross anatomy learned by dissecting and making comparative observations of various species of primates. (Students register for lab of their choice and are automatically registered for APY345.) LAB

348 Anthropological Osteology (3)
Through lecture, demonstration, and laboratory work, fundamentals of human skeletal anatomy are covered. Procedures and applications in contemporary and historical human biology and in archaeology are considered, with stress placed upon both technical approach and theoretical application. This lecture and laboratory course demonstrates the fundamentals of human skeletal biology and anatomy. Procedures and applications used in evaluating archaeological and contemporary human populations are stressed. Forensic applications are considered. LEC/LAB

350 Human Behavioral Ecology (3)
Prerequisites: introductory anthropology course; introductory biology course recommended
Focus on both subsistence and social behaviors examined from an evolutionary perspective. Discussion concerns how ecological variation patterns affect behavioral variability between and within human populations. The course appeals to students in human ecology, cultural anthropology, archaeology, primatology, and human paleontology. LEC

353 Old World Prehistory (3)
Archaeology of Africa, Asia, and Europe, from the Paleolithic period through the appearance of the earliest civilizations. LEC

361 Anthropology of the Middle East (3)
Examines Middle Eastern society from a cultural perspective. Topics discussed include kinship, gender, popular and orthodox Islam, nationalism, mass media, urbanization, and historical relations with the West. LEC

362 People and Culture of Japan (3)
The development of Japanese culture patterns, their relationship to the Asian mainland, and changes of traditional patterns accompanying modernization are examined. LEC

363 Cultural History of Oceania (3)
Archaeological and ethnographic survey of Oceania, emphasizing Polynesia; critical review of trans-Pacific migration theories. LEC

364 Peoples of Eastern Asia (3)
Deals with the peoples of East and Southeast Asia but not northeastern peoples (Japanese, Koreans). The main focus is on Southeast Asia, especially Malaysia, and on social structure, ecology, and literature. LEC

366 Peoples of Asia (3)
Provides students with an anthropological introduction to the early periods of Chinese and Indian civilizations through lectures, audiovisual materials, and discussion. The emphasis is on comparing these cultures with the West in terms of religious ideas, archaeological materials, political forms, family systems, and basic values. LEC

367 Meso-American Archaeology (3)
Art, iconography, architectures, and archaeology of ancient Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize; religious, political, and economic development from its beginning, around 2000 B.C.E., to its decapitation by the Spaniards in 1521. LEC

368 Theories in Archaeology (3)
Introduces archaeological theory and methods; proper design of archaeological research projects, data analysis, and interpretation of results. LEC

369 Peoples and Cultures of Sub-Saharan Africa (3)
Cultures of hunting, pastoral, and agricultural societies; history, social structure, political and economic systems, religion, and aesthetics. Impact of colonialism, industrialization, urbanism, and political independence upon African societies and cultures. LEC

371 African American Culture (3)
Analysis of societies and groups in the Western Hemisphere derived from Africa; transplanted and emergent institutions, religions and aesthetics, role of African Americans in broader regional and national societies in the Americas. LEC

372 Maritime Anthropology (3)
Investigates maritime orientations and adaptations in human societies past and present. We look at the symbolic, cognitive, technological, and ecological aspects of maritime orientations using materials from ethnography, archaeology, history, and literature. LEC

373 Indians of North America (3)
Native North American cultures: contact history, impact of political relations with Euro-Americans, contemporary realities. Revitalization movements, pantribalism, land claims actions. LEC

374 Anthropology and Health Careers (3)
Anthropological concepts and methods for students preparing for community service careers and health professions; application of anthropological methods to contemporary health concerns of North America. LEC

377 Magic, Sorcery, and Witchcraft (3)
Understanding the nature of magic and the anthropology of sorcery and witchcraft beliefs around the world and throughout history offers insights into some fundamental aspects of human belief and behavior. "Primitive" beliefs are considered as representative of universal beliefs and as background to the course's consideration of "occult" interests and fears in contemporary America. LEC

380 Myth, Ritual, Symbolism (3)
The ethnography of symbolic form and process in myth and ritual. Metaphor and the problem of meaning in the structuralist, dramatistic, hermeneutic, and semantic approaches of Claude Levi-Strauss, Victor Turner, Clifford Geertz, Edmund Leach, and others. SEM

382 Indians of South America (3)
A survey of the indigenous societies of cultures and South America, including both highland Andean and lowland Amazonian people. The course provides a perspective on the prehistory, history, and contemporary situation of native South Americans, examining traditional anthropological topics, as well as current political issues surrounding indigenous rights, integration into national societies, and environmental destruction. LEC

383 South American Workers and Peasants (3)
Development of modern Latin American culture, from aboriginal southeast European and African roots; attention given to community studies and other approaches to the study of contemporary people. LEC

393 Anthropology of Religion (3)
Comparison of religious beliefs, rituals, and organization; relationships of religion to other aspects of culture and society; religion as a dynamic system. LEC

394 Religion and Healing in Native South America (3)
Surveys the contemporary religions and healing practices of Native South Americans through the ethnographies of a variety of South American groups. Explores Native South American concepts of time, space, power, order, destruction, and renewal and their manifestations in birth, initiation, healing, and death rituals. The purpose of the course is to understand different worldviews and practices that will help us rethink our way of conceiving the world and our role in it. LEC

396 Methods in Urban Anthropology (3)
For those with some background in anthropology and, particularly, urban anthropology. Research projects formulated, planned, and carried out in the Buffalo area. LEC

401 History of Anthropology (3)
Growth of anthropology as a scientific discipline. Major anthropological approaches and theories are analyzed in detail. SEM

402 Modern Europe: Anthropological Perspectives (3)
In recent decades, Europe has become a major area of investigation for cultural anthropologists. In this seminar, we ask both what an anthropological perspective can contribute to our understanding of European peoples and also what a consideration of European peoples can contribute to anthropological theory and method. Europe is not the kind of place traditionally associated with anthropology; it is not "non-Western," it is not "nondeveloped," it is not "nonliterate," it is most certainly not "without history," and perhaps most significantly, it is not the exclusive investigatory turf of anthropologists. The course focuses on issues of identity, history, and power as these shape and are shaped by social forms and local practices. LEC

403 Comparing Cultures Worldwide (3)
Various comparative methods studied in detail, including the cross-cultural survey method. Students learn to derive and test hypotheses using both large and small samples of cultures drawn from the Human Relations Area Files. LEC

404 Designing Material Culture (3)
Seminar in interpreting the form of material culture. Objectives include acquainting students with some forms of inferences used in analyses of material culture, acquainting students with some questions addressed through analyses of material form, and providing students with an opportunity to design and implement an analysis of an artifact form. SEM

406 Advanced Social and Cultural Theory (3)
Traditional and new methodological approaches to the diachronic and synchronic analyses of societies and cultures. For majors planning graduate study in anthropology. LEC

407 Ethnographic Field Methods (3)
SEM

408 Ethnographic Field Methods (3)
Traditional and new methodological approaches to the diachronic and synchronic analysis of societies and cultures. For majors planning graduate study in anthropology. TUT

409 Primate Social Behavior (3)
Systems of social organization among primates; general principles of social behavior that may have relevance to humans. LEC

410 Senior Seminar (3)
Topics vary. Seniors have registration priority. SEM

411 Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (3)
Studies the four horsemen in all their guises. Examines their importance historically and at present. They have been and are religious icons, symbols of the major processes of warfare, disease, famine, and death, as well as cultural, literary, and artistic symbols throughout the generations. The course is a seminar in which the students trace one of the horsemen through both time and space in the intellectual area of their choice. SEM

412 Culture and Astronomy (3)
Cross-cultural and historical examination of a variety of astronomies focusing on practices and empirical realities. Medieval Western astronomy, Mayan calendrical astronomy, and Pacific Islanders' navigational astronomy are compared in detail. Students participate in an in-class workshop dealing with an artifact from each of these systems, and research, report, and write on these and other astronomical systems. Students have the opportunity to use computer-based planetarium programs to simulate the sky at other times and places. SEM

414 Museum Management (3)
SEM

416 Human Evolutionary Ecology I: Reproduction (3)
Examines human reproductive and social behaviors from an evolutionary and ecological perspective. Discussion focuses on patterns of behavioral variability between and within human populations. Topics include sexual selection, mate choice, life history theory, parenting, and sexual coercion. The course is for students interested in human ecology, cultural anthropology, archaeology, primatology, and human paleontology. Seminar is designed to be one of a sequence that includes APY417, although students can take one seminar without having taken the other. SEM

417 Human Evolutionary Ecology II: Subsistence (3)
Examines human subsistence behavior from an evolutionary and ecological perspective. Discussion focuses on patterns of behavioral variability between and within human populations. Topics include issues of reciprocity, foraging theory, the sexual division of labor, and evolutionary economics. This course is for students interested in human ecology, cultural anthropology, archaeology, primatology, and human paleontology. Seminar is designed to be one of a sequence that includes APY416, although students can take one seminar without having taken the other. SEM

427 Comparative Urbanism (3)
Origin of the city, starting with Mesopotamia; urban and civilization defined; the urban environment; the archaeological city and the modern city compared. LEC

429 Anthropology and Architecture (3)
Students study the material culture of eastern North America from 1620 to the present. The focus is on the house and its contents as a means by which the settlers of the North American continent adapted to their environment. A developmental perspective is used to organize the materials. LEC

432 Peoples of the Arctic and Subarctic (3)
An anthropological survey of arctic and subarctic populations, with a primary focus on Canada and Alaska, and some comparative coverage of Greenland, Siberia, and the Lapps of northern Europe. The course develops multidisciplinary models using ethnographic, historical, and epidemiological sources to analyze traditional patterns and contemporary changes in northern communities. A variety of ecological and cultural systems have emerged in the North since the period of contact and settlement by Europeans, and students are encouraged to do comparative analyses of national, regional, and ethnic differences and similarities. LEC

433 Archaeology of Eastern North America (3)
Variety of Native American cultures traced developmentally and regionally from the earliest occupation through the early historic period. LEC

434 Approaches to Archaeology (3)
Survey of the literature to identify the strategies and techniques of gathering and analyzing information in archaeology. SEM

435 Archaeological Techniques (3)
A skills course with a practical emphasis on the use of photography and drawing, both in the field and in illustrating site reports. Intended primarily for students with an archaeological career orientation, the course deals with factors in the preparation of art manuscripts: draftsmanship, work on drawings, maps, and plans, including line work and photography; artifact drawing; processes of printing and production. SEM

439 Laboratory Techniques in Archaeology (3)
Individual instruction and guidance in the study of artifacts through lab projects. SEM

440 History of Archaeology (3)
Summarizes the history of archaeology, beginning with its classical and European antecedents. Examines the major trends of seventeenth- through twentieth-century archaeology. Major archaeologists and sites are explored, with emphasis on the New World. History of archaeology will be related to history of science. LEC

441 Anthropological Demography (3)
Development and demographic characteristics of human populations in the prehistoric and ethnographic record. SEM

442 Work Anthropology (3)
Work is important because it produces the goods and services that make our lives possible, including raising children, growing food, producing knowledge and meaning, and making things. Nothing we strive to understand is more important, and this is one of those areas of research that is intuitively understood by those we study. In this course, we consider how work output is measured, work as it relates to illness, physical work capacity, fertility, food, and behavior. Course format is mixed lecture, laboratory, and seminar. LEC

443 Advanced Physical Anthropology (3)
Prerequisite: successful completion of APY246 or APY344
Topics vary. May be taken more than once for credit. SEM

448 Human Genetics/Legal and Ethical Issues (3)
Recent advances in genetic technology have presented the scientific and lay communities with ethical and legal problems yet to be resolved. The objective of this course is to provide an opportunity for informed discussions of such issues relating to contemporary human/medical genetics. SEM

449 Mayan Civilization: Past and Present (3)
Explores Mayan civilization from its earliest beginnings to the current situation. The seminar begins with the preclassic roots of Mayan civilization, then moves through classic splendor, postclassic turbulence, the European invasion, and into the current period of rebellion and ethnic resurgence. Students select a particular geographically and linguistically distinctive Mayan population and trace the group historically through artifacts, written records, life histories, and ethnographies. Student activities include active class participation in discussions and preparation of an annotated bibliography on a key aspect of Mayan civilization. SEM

457 Evolutionary Biology of Humans (3)
Prerequisite: one course with substantial evolutionary biology content
Explores the application of evolutionary theory and method to modern human populations. Among the topics are heritability of biological and behavioral variables, developmental biology and natural selection, biological distance, biogeography and race, adaptive theory, adaptation to environmental change, and such emergent problems as crowding, hunger, epidemic disease, and global warming. Specific topics may vary depending on developments within the profession. LEC

474 Urban Anthropology (3)
Analysis of urban communities in cross-cultural perspective; role of cities in large social cultural systems; utility of anthropological techniques in understanding complex communities; contemporary American urban adaptations and research. SEM

475 Ecology and Cultural Adaptation (3)
Introduces ecological anthropology or cultural ecology; interrelations of social and cultural systems with the biotic and physical environment; exploitative and subsistence systems: land use, land tenure, settlement patterns. LEC

476 Health Care in the United States (3)
Explores the culture and social organization of health-care systems in the United States, including mainstream allopathic medicine and nursing, as well as more "alternative healing" modalities, such as faith healing, chiropractic, "New Age" healing, etc. The objective of this course is to give students a specifically anthropological understanding of health care in American society. This anthropological perspective draws attention to the many diverse components of health care in the United States, from high-tech advanced medical science to faith healing. SEM

477 Topics in Medical Anthropology (3)
SEM

480 Collapse of Civilization (3)
Explores the causes of societal disintegration from an archaeological perspective. The ancient Mayan and pre-Aztec civilizations of Mexico, as well as that of ancient Shang China, are the focus of analysis of various factors that might lead to the destruction of complex social and political systems. SEM

482 Peruvian Culture/Society (3)
Studies the complex society of Peru as the focus of social anthropological analysis. History and ethnohistory, economy, organization, development problems, contemporary violence. No knowledge of Spanish is required. LEC

488 Kinship and Social Structure (3)
Examines kinship and family patterns in simple and complex societies. Role of kinship in society and the human quality of kinship patterns; plural marriage, divorce, the incest taboo, gender, clans, lineages, joint families. LEC

490 Economic Anthropology (3)
Examines the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption systems of non-Western peoples; the integration of economic systems with other aspects of culture; problems of underdeveloped areas. SEM

492 Political Anthropology (3)
Systems of government and control in the non-Western world, emphasizing tribal organization. The course focuses upon law and warfare, the two most important political functions or tasks engaged in by a political community. LEC

497 Supervised Teaching (var)
Prerequisite: permission of instructor
TUT

498 Internship (1-6)
Prerequisite: permission of instructor
Students wishing to complete an internship with a host agency may register for this course with the agreement of the agency supervisor and the faculty advisor. TUT

499 Independent Study and Research (var)
Prerequisite: permission of instructor
SEM/TUT

Anthropology - B.A.

Acceptance Criteria
Minimum GPA of 2.0 overall
Minimum grade of "C-" in one of the following required courses: APY106, APY107, APY108

Advising Note
Minimum grade of "C-" must be earned on all courses taken for major credit

Required Courses
APY106 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology
APY107 Introduction to Physical Anthropology
APY108 Introduction to Archaeology
APY410 Senior Seminar
Practicum
Statistics course (choose from list below)
Eight electives (choose from list below), including two area studies courses and two problem/theoretical courses

See Baccalaureate Degree Requirements (page 254) for general education and remaining university requirements.

Recommended Sequence of Major Requirements

First Year
Fall-APY106, APY107
Spring-APY108

Second Year
Fall-One area studies elective course
Spring-One problem/theoretical elective course, one APY elective

Third Year
Fall-One problem/theoretical elective course, one of the following statistics courses: STA119, PSY207, SOC294, SSC225, CEP207
Spring-Practicum, one area studies elective course

Fourth Year
Fall-APY410, one APY elective
Spring-One APY elective

APY Electives
Eight anthropology electives (24 cr) selected through advisement are required, including:

1. Two area studies courses (3 cr each), which include (but are not limited to): APY239, 250*, 265, 325, 330, 331, 332, 333, 343, 353, 361, 362, 363, 364, 366, 367, 369, 371, 373, 382, 383, 402, 432, 433, 449, 476, 482, 484



2. Two problem-oriented or theoretical courses (3 cr each), which include (but are not limited to): APY104, 105, 120, 203, 205, 209, 210, 215, 217, 218, 226, 245, 246, 248, 253, 261*, 262, 275, 276, 280*, 283, 303, 310, 311, 312, 315, 320, 323, 328, 329, 335, 338, 344, 345/346, 348, 350, 368, 372, 374, 377, 380, 384, 393, 396, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 416, 417, 427, 429, 434, 435, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 447, 448, 474, 475, 477, 480, 488, 490, 492, 497, 498, 499

Academic Affairs

Phone: (716) 645-6003

Fax: (716) 645-2549

Last updated: Thursday, 09-Dec-2004 15:21:16 EST